A new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based method for urban heat island intensity monitoring

• GNSS observation data collected in urban and rural areas Los Angeles. GNNS processed with Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. Algorithm developed to estimate temperature from Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD). has been validated using Angeles, California. The Urban Heat Island Angeles California monitored data. (UHI) effect occurs when an area experiences higher temperatures than its surrounding because of heat being absorbed by built structures released anthropogenic sources. UHIs can cause adverse effects human health increase energy consumption used for cooling buildings. Therefore, it is important monitor accurately the UHI effect. intensity are usually satellite imagery, airborne sensors, surface sensors. Satellite imagery cover a large but requires clear sky obtain good images. Moreover, sensors expensive also require A network required entire region, which be expensive. In this paper, we present three-step algorithm Global Navigation Systems (GNSS). advantages increased availability data, high temporal resolution geographical resolution. first step calculation priori environmental parameters ( i.e., water vapour partial pressure, troposphere height, vertical profile refractivity) radiosonde second last computation. presented paper tested publicly available meteorological California, USA. validation done comparing estimated obtained weather stations. validation, proposed achieve accuracy 1.71 °C at 95 % confidence level.